Differences Between Grand Juries and Trial Juries
Overview
In the criminal justice system, juries play a crucial role in determining the outcomes of cases. While both grand juries and trial juries are composed of ordinary citizens, they differ significantly in their functions and processes.
Grand Juries
Purpose:
* To determine whether there is sufficient evidence to indict a suspect for a crime.
Procedure:
* A group of 12-23 individuals are selected to serve. * A prosecutor presents evidence to the grand jury in a closed session. * The grand jury votes to either indict (charge the suspect) or not indict. * An indictment does not mean the suspect is guilty, but it allows the case to proceed to trial.
Trial Juries
Purpose:
* To determine the guilt or innocence of a suspect in a criminal trial.
Procedure:
* A group of 6-12 individuals are selected to serve. * The trial is held in open court, and both the prosecution and defense present evidence. * The jury deliberates in a closed session to reach a verdict. * A verdict of guilty or not guilty is rendered, and the suspect is sentenced or acquitted accordingly.
Key Differences
* **Purpose**: Grand juries determine if there is probable cause to indict, while trial juries determine guilt or innocence. * **Process**: Grand juries meet in closed session and vote on an indictment, while trial juries hold open hearings and deliberate before reaching a verdict. * **Majority**: Grand jury indictments require at least 9 members (in most jurisdictions), while trial jury verdicts typically require unanimity.
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